Incoterms

Seller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises or at another named place (factory, warehouse, etc.). The seller does not need to load the goods on any collecting vehicle, nor clear the goods for export where such clearance is applicable.

Seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the buyer at the seller’s premises. Parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery, as risk passes to the buyer at that point.

As above, but delivery takes place at another named place rather than the seller’s premises; the seller therefore bears the land transport to that point.

Seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the seller at an agreed place. The seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination.

As CPT, and in addition the seller contracts for insurance cover against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during carriage.

Seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel (e.g. on a quay or a barge) nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment. Risk of loss or damage passes when the goods are alongside the ship, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards.

Seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment, or procures the goods already so delivered. Risk passes when the goods are on board, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards.

Seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered. Risk passes when the goods are on board. The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination.

As CFR, and in addition the seller pays for insurance (minimum cover) against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during carriage.

Seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport, ready for unloading at the named place of destination. Risk passes at that point. The seller completes export formalities and bears all carriage and terminal expenses to the agreed destination point; import customs clearance, duties and taxes, as well as unloading at final destination, are for the buyer.

Seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the named place in the buyer’s country and pays all costs of bringing the goods there, including import duties and taxes. The seller is not responsible for unloading. This term places the maximum obligation on the seller and the minimum on the buyer; no risk or responsibility transfers until delivery at the named place of destination.